Troubleshooting / Pilz PNOZ faults

Pilz PNOZ Error Codes

The faults and LED states of Pilz PNOZ safety relays and PNOZmulti configurable safety systems: what each one means, the likely causes, the first checks, and how to log it so it stops coming back. The checks find the cause; they never bypass the safety function.

How faults show

PNOZ m B0 (PNOZmulti 2 base unit): LEDs PWR, RUN, DIAG, FAULT, IFAULT and OFAULT plus a backlit display with a rotary knob. The system is ready when POWER and RUN are lit steadily. An error that puts the unit in a safe state appears on the display at once as short text, for example FEED BACK LOOP. Errors that do not stop the unit are stored and you call them up with the knob.

Every LED status and error message also goes into an error stack of up to 64 entries (error class EC, error number EN, five parameters PA, newest first), read in the Error Stack menu or with the PNOZmulti Configurator over USB. To reset the B0: fix the cause, then press the rotary knob for 3 to 8 seconds to restart.

PNOZ m1p (PNOZmulti Classic): RUN, DIAG, FAULT, IFAULT and OFAULT LEDs, input LEDs and CI/CO cascading LEDs, no display; read the error stack with the Configurator over RS 232 or Ethernet.

PNOZ s4/s5 (PNOZsigma): LEDs POWER, IN1, IN2, OUT, START and FAULT. On an error FAULT is lit or flashing and a second flashing LED points to the cause (exception: supply too low shows only as POWER flashing). Reset as the table says: switch the supply off and on, or for a simultaneity error open both input channels together and close them again.

PNOZ X3: LEDs POWER, CH.1 and CH.2 only; after an earth fault or a short across contacts, remove the cause and switch the supply off for about 1 minute.

Safety first.
Only competent, qualified persons may install, program, commission, operate, maintain and decommission PNOZ units. Switch off the supply voltage before maintenance work such as exchanging contactors. Do not open the housing or modify the unit, and protect it against manipulation (control cabinet of IP54 or better).

Never bridge a start contact, feedback loop or input to get the machine running: Pilz warns that with automatic start, or a manual start with a bridged start contact, the unit restarts by itself as soon as the safeguard is reset.

After any fault repair, chip card exchange, project download or project deletion, check that every safety device works correctly; safety functions may only be checked by qualified personnel.

Pilz also asks that the relay safety contacts be opened and the unit restarted at least once a month for SIL 3/PL e and once a year for SIL 2/PL d, so the internal diagnostics can check that they open. Sources: PNOZ m B0 manual pages 13, 14 and 30. PNOZ m1p manual page 29. PNOZ s4 manual pages 15 and 19. PNOZ X3 manual pages 10 and 14.

Follow lockout/tagout and your site's safe-work procedures, and check the manual for your exact model before you act.

Quick lookup

A fault keeps the safe outputs off and the machine stopped, so in OEE it is an availability loss.

Type a code or a word (feedback loop, cross-short, FAULT, timeout) to filter the list. Click a code for its causes and first checks.

65 codes

CodeModelName
FEED BACK LOOPPNOZ m B0External error at the feedback loop inputs
FAULTY TEST PULSEPNOZ m B0Error caused by test pulses
PARTIALLY OPERATEDPNOZ m B0Function element was or is partially operated
FAULTY OUTPUTPNOZ m B0External error on the output
CHIP CARD ?PNOZ m B0Chip card is not inserted, blank or unreadable
FAULTY PROJECTPNOZ m B0The chip card or device memory contains a project that is faulty or incompatible
NO PROJECTPNOZ m B0No project in the device memory (e.g. after a factory reset)
LOAD SUPPLYPNOZ m B0Error in the supply voltage for the semiconductor outputs
SUPPLY LOWPNOZ m B0Supply voltage is below the tolerance level
SUPPLY HIGHPNOZ m B0Supply voltage exceeds the tolerance level
CONFIGURATIONPNOZ m B0Hardware registry does not match the configuration
FAULTY DEVICEPNOZ m B0Internal error on the base unit
RUN off, DIAG flashingPNOZ m B0The existing user program has been deleted
RUN off, FAULT onPNOZ m B0External error on the base unit, leading to a safe condition, e.g. chip card not inserted
RUN off, OFAULT onPNOZ m B0External error on the base unit outputs, e.g. short across the contacts, leading to a safe condition
RUN on, OFAULT flashingPNOZ m B0External error on the base unit outputs, which does not lead to a safe condition, e.g. feedback input defective
RUN on, IFAULT flashingPNOZ m B0External error on the base unit inputs, which does not lead to a safe condition, e.g. partially operated
RUN off, DIAG and FAULT flashingPNOZ m B0Internal error on the base unit
RUN off, DIAG and IFAULT flashingPNOZ m B0Internal error on the base unit (inputs)
RUN off, DIAG and OFAULT flashingPNOZ m B0Internal error on the base unit (outputs)
DIAG onPNOZ m B0Base unit in a STOP condition
DIAG flashingPNOZ m B0The fieldbus module has not been recognised, or the base unit was identified by the PNOZmulti Configurator via the Ethernet interface, or an existing fieldbus connection was interrupted
FAULT onPNOZ s4Plug terminator not connected
FAULT flashingPNOZ s4Internal error, unit defective
All LEDs offPNOZ s4Short across contacts/earth fault; unit switched off
IN1, IN2 flashing alternately, FAULT onPNOZ s4Connection error (possibly: cable resistance in the input circuit is too high) or short detected between S12 and S22
IN1 flashing, FAULT onPNOZ s4Power-up blocked due to short-term interruption at S12; channels in the input circuit not opened simultaneously
IN2 flashing, FAULT onPNOZ s4Power-up blocked due to short-term interruption at S22; channels in the input circuit not opened simultaneously
IN1 and IN2 flashing together, FAULT onPNOZ s4Power-up blocked due to short-term interruption at S12 and S22; channels in the input circuit not opened simultaneously
START flashing, FAULT onPNOZ s4Position of rotary switch is not permitted or rotary switch was adjusted during operation
All LEDs on (POWER, IN1, IN2, OUT, START, FAULT)PNOZ s4The operating mode selector switch "mode" is in its start position (vertical position)
POWER flashingPNOZ s4Supply voltage too low
Welded contacts (unit will not restart)PNOZ s4Contact malfunctions
RUN off, OFAULT onPNOZ m1pExternal error on the base unit outputs, e.g. short across the contacts, leading to a safe condition
Input LED flashing, RUN off, IFAULT onPNOZ m1pExternal error leading to a safe condition, e.g. short across the contacts or error at safety mat input
RUN on, IFAULT flashingPNOZ m1pExternal error on the base unit inputs, which does not lead to a safe condition, e.g. partially operated
RUN on, OFAULT flashingPNOZ m1pExternal error on the base unit outputs, which does not lead to a safe condition, e.g. feedback input defective
RUN off, FAULT onPNOZ m1pExternal error on the base unit, leading to a safe condition, e.g. terminator not connected
RUN off, DIAG flashingPNOZ m1pThe existing user program has been deleted
RUN off, DIAG and FAULT flashingPNOZ m1pInternal error on the base unit
RUN off, DIAG and IFAULT flashingPNOZ m1pInternal error on the base unit
RUN off, DIAG and OFAULT flashingPNOZ m1pInternal error on the base unit
RUN off, expansion module FAULT on, IN/OUT flashingPNOZ m1pExternal error, leading to a safe condition, e.g. short across the contacts
RUN off, expansion module FAULT onPNOZ m1pExternal error on the output
RUN off, DIAG flashing, expansion module FAULT flashingPNOZ m1pInternal error on the expansion module
RUN on, expansion module FAULT flashingPNOZ m1pExternal error on the inputs, which does not lead to a safe condition, e.g. partially operated; feedback input defective
RUN off, DIAG onPNOZ m1pBase unit in a STOP condition
DIAG flashingPNOZ m1pThe fieldbus module has not been recognised, or the base unit has been identified via the PNOZmulti Configurator
RUN on, IFAULT on, CI flashingPNOZ m1pError on cascading input; unit remains in a RUN condition
RUN on, OFAULT on, CO flashingPNOZ m1pError on cascading output; unit remains in a RUN condition
Earth faultPNOZ X3Earth fault: The supply voltage fails and the safety contacts open
Short across contacts (fuse tripped)PNOZ X3Shorts across contacts in the input circuit
POWER LED offPNOZ X3LED "POWER" does not light: Short circuit or no supply voltage
Welded contacts (unit will not restart)PNOZ X3Contact malfunctions
OPERATING MODE SWITCH SELECTORPNOZ m B0Error on the operating mode selector switch function element
OUTPUT WITH ADVANCED FAULT DETECTIONPNOZ m B0External error on the output with advanced fault detection
TEMPERATUREPNOZ m B0Operating temperature is outside the permitted range
PRESSURE SENSITIVE MATPNOZ m B0Error on the input of a pressure-sensitive mat
ERRORPNOZ m B0Error that cannot be assigned
NEW PROJECTPNOZ m B0New project detected on the chip card
PROJECT NOT RESETPNOZ m B0The project was not deleted
NUMERIC FAULTPNOZ m B0A violation of the numeric value range was identified on an analogue module
ANALOG INPUTSIGNAL FAULTYPNOZ m B0A violation of the workspace was identified on an analogue current input on an analogue module
ANALOG MEASUREMENT ERRORPNOZ m B0A measurement error was identified on an analogue current input on an analogue module
MEASURING RANGE VIOLATIONPNOZ m B0A violation of the measuring range was identified on an analogue current input on an analogue module

Each code: causes and first checks

FEED BACK LOOP: External error at the feedback loop inputs

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The feedback loop (the N/C auxiliary contacts of the external contactors switched by a safety output, wired back to an input) reported a state that does not match the output. Pilz states that on outputs with advanced fault detection a feedback loop error puts the system in a safe state and shuts down all outputs.[1]

Device response: Safe state, all outputs off on outputs with advanced fault detection; restart with the rotary knob (3 to 8 s) after the fix

Likely causes

  • Contactor contact welded or mechanically stuck, so its N/C auxiliary contact does not close
  • Broken wire, loose terminal or wrong input in the feedback loop
  • Contactor wiring does not match the circuit diagram in the PNOZmulti Configurator project

First checks, in this order

  1. Check that each external contactor drops out fully when the output switches off; replace a contactor with welded contacts.
  2. Check the feedback loop wiring and terminals against the circuit diagram in the PNOZmulti Configurator.
  3. Never bridge the feedback loop to get the machine running.
  4. After the fix, press the rotary knob for 3 to 8 seconds to restart, then test the safety function.

FAULTY TEST PULSE: Error caused by test pulses

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: An input wired to a test pulse output (T0 to T3) did not see the test pulse it expects. The test pulses are how the base unit detects shorts between inputs (cross-shorts).[1]

Likely causes

  • Short across contacts between two input channels (cross-short)
  • Input cable shorted to +24 V or 0 V
  • Input wired to a different test pulse output than the project expects
  • Damaged sensor cable

First checks, in this order

  1. Put the system in a stop state and use the Force Test Pulse menu on the display to switch the test pulse outputs by hand and find the faulty line.
  2. Check the cables of both channels for a short between them, or to 24 V or 0 V.
  3. Check that each input uses the test pulse output shown in the Configurator circuit diagram.
  4. Restart with the rotary knob (3 to 8 s) after the fix and test the safety function.

PARTIALLY OPERATED: Function element was or is partially operated

Warning: act before it becomes a stop

What it means: Only one channel of a dual-channel safety device (for example an E-STOP or a safety gate) opened, or the two channels did not switch together. Pilz lists this as an input error that does not put the base unit in a safe state: RUN stays on and IFAULT flashes.[1]

Likely causes

  • E-STOP pressed or gate opened only partly, so just one contact opened
  • Misaligned or worn safety switch
  • One contact or one channel wire faulty

First checks, in this order

  1. Operate the safety device fully so both channels open, then close it again.
  2. Check the switch alignment and both contact channels.
  3. Check the wiring of both channels.
  4. The message is stored, not shown automatically: call it up on the display with the rotary knob.

FAULTY OUTPUT: External error on the output

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The base unit has found an external fault on a safety output, for example a short across contacts. In the LED table this kind of error shows as OFAULT lit with RUN off, a safe condition.[1]

Device response: Safe condition; restart with the rotary knob (3 to 8 s) after the fix

Likely causes

  • Short between two outputs
  • Output cable shorted to +24 V or 0 V
  • Fault in the load or its wiring

First checks, in this order

  1. Check the output wiring for shorts to other outputs, to 24 V and to 0 V.
  2. Check the connected load and its wiring.
  3. Restart with the rotary knob (3 to 8 s) after the fix and test the safety function.

CHIP CARD ?: Chip card is not inserted, blank or unreadable

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The base unit cannot read a project from the chip card. The LED table lists a missing chip card as an external error that leads to a safe condition (FAULT lit, RUN off).[1]

Likely causes

  • Chip card missing
  • Blank card, or a card without the current project
  • Dirty, scratched or bent card, so the contacts do not touch

First checks, in this order

  1. Switch the unit off before inserting or exchanging the chip card.
  2. Insert the chip card that holds the current project; keep the contact surface clean and undamaged and do not bend the card.
  3. Switch on, check the project name, CRC and date on the display, then hold the rotary knob for 3 to 8 seconds to load it.
  4. Test the safety devices after the card is exchanged.

FAULTY PROJECT: The chip card or device memory contains a project that is faulty or incompatible

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The project stored on the chip card or in the base unit cannot be run, because it is damaged or does not fit this device.[1]

Likely causes

  • Project made for a different device or firmware version
  • Corrupted project data on the chip card or in the device memory

First checks, in this order

  1. Check the device type and firmware version in the Device Info menu.
  2. Load a correct project from the PNOZmulti Configurator over USB, or from a chip card with the right project.
  3. Test the safety devices after the project download.

NO PROJECT: No project in the device memory (e.g. after a factory reset)

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The base unit holds no project, so it cannot switch any safety outputs on.[1]

Likely causes

  • Factory reset or Project RESET was carried out
  • Replacement base unit not yet loaded

First checks, in this order

  1. Load the project from the chip card (hold the rotary knob for 3 to 8 seconds) or over USB with the PNOZmulti Configurator.
  2. Check the project name and CRC on the display.
  3. Test the safety devices after the project download.

LOAD SUPPLY: Error in the supply voltage for the semiconductor outputs

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The separate 24 V DC supply for the semiconductor outputs is missing or out of tolerance. Pilz states this supply must always be present, even when the semiconductor outputs are not used.[1]

Likely causes

  • 24 V not connected to the semiconductor output supply terminals (24 V and 0V)
  • External fuse or circuit breaker F2 tripped
  • Power supply overloaded or voltage outside 24 V DC -20 %/+25 %

First checks, in this order

  1. Measure the voltage at the semiconductor output supply terminals.
  2. Check the external fuse protection F2 (10 A circuit breaker, characteristic B/C).
  3. Connect this supply even if no semiconductor outputs are used.

SUPPLY LOW: Supply voltage is below the tolerance level

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The control system supply on A1/A2 is below the allowed range (24 V DC -20 %, about 19.2 V).[1]

Likely causes

  • Weak or overloaded 24 V power supply
  • Voltage drop on long or thin supply cables
  • Loose A1 or A2 terminal

First checks, in this order

  1. Measure the voltage between A1 (+24 V DC) and A2 (0 V); you can also read it in the Operating Info menu.
  2. Check that the power supply delivers 1.6 A continuous and 3 A inrush for the base unit.
  3. Check the external fuse protection F1 (6 A circuit breaker, characteristic B).

SUPPLY HIGH: Supply voltage exceeds the tolerance level

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The control system supply on A1/A2 is above the allowed range (24 V DC +25 %, about 30 V).[1]

Likely causes

  • Power supply set too high or faulty
  • Wrong supply connected to A1/A2

First checks, in this order

  1. Measure the voltage between A1 and A2, or read it in the Operating Info menu.
  2. Adjust or replace the 24 V DC power supply.

CONFIGURATION: Hardware registry does not match the configuration

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The expansion modules the base unit finds do not match the hardware set up in the project.[1]

Likely causes

  • Expansion module missing, of a different type, or in a different slot than in the PNOZmulti Configurator
  • Jumper between modules missing or not seated
  • Terminator missing on an open interface

First checks, in this order

  1. Compare the modules on the rail and their order with the project; the Device Info menu lists each module by position.
  2. Check the jumpers between the units and the terminators on the unconnected interfaces.
  3. Only connect or disconnect modules and terminators with the supply switched off.

FAULTY DEVICE: Internal error on the base unit

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The base unit has detected an internal fault.[1]

Likely causes

  • Internal hardware fault in the base unit
  • Severe interference or overvoltage

First checks, in this order

  1. Switch the supply off and on again.
  2. If it comes back, read the error stack (display or PNOZmulti Configurator) and give the entries to Pilz technical support.
  3. Return a faulty unit to Pilz.

RUN off, DIAG flashing: The existing user program has been deleted

Warning: act before it becomes a stop

What it means: The project has been erased from the base unit (Project RESET or factory reset), so the safety outputs stay off until a project is loaded. After a factory reset the display shows FACTORY RESET DONE while DIAG flashes.[1]

Likely causes

  • Project deleted in the Project RESET menu
  • Factory reset carried out on the device or from the Configurator

First checks, in this order

  1. Load the project from the chip card or over USB with the PNOZmulti Configurator.
  2. Test the safety devices after the project download.

RUN off, FAULT on: External error on the base unit, leading to a safe condition, e.g. chip card not inserted

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: An external fault on the base unit itself has put the system in a safe condition.[1]

Likely causes

  • Chip card not inserted or unreadable
  • Other external error on the base unit

First checks, in this order

  1. Read the short text on the display.
  2. Check that a chip card with the current project is inserted (switch off first).
  3. Restart with the rotary knob (3 to 8 s) after the fix.

RUN off, OFAULT on: External error on the base unit outputs, e.g. short across the contacts, leading to a safe condition

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: An external fault on the base unit outputs has put the system in a safe condition.[1]

Likely causes

  • Short across contacts between outputs
  • Output shorted to 24 V or 0 V
  • Feedback loop or load wiring fault

First checks, in this order

  1. Read the short text on the display (for example FAULTY OUTPUT or FEED BACK LOOP).
  2. Check the output and feedback loop wiring for shorts.
  3. Restart with the rotary knob (3 to 8 s) after the fix and test the safety function.

RUN on, OFAULT flashing: External error on the base unit outputs, which does not lead to a safe condition, e.g. feedback input defective

Warning: act before it becomes a stop

What it means: An external output problem was found, but the system keeps running.[1]

Likely causes

  • Feedback input defective
  • Wiring fault on an output or feedback loop

First checks, in this order

  1. Call up the stored message on the display with the rotary knob.
  2. Check the feedback loop contacts and wiring of the outputs involved.

RUN on, IFAULT flashing: External error on the base unit inputs, which does not lead to a safe condition, e.g. partially operated

Warning: act before it becomes a stop

What it means: An external input problem was found, for example a partly operated dual-channel device, but the system keeps running.[1]

Likely causes

  • Safety device operated on one channel only
  • Misaligned safety switch or a faulty channel

First checks, in this order

  1. Call up the stored message on the display with the rotary knob.
  2. Operate the safety device fully and close it again.
  3. Check both input channels and their wiring.

RUN off, DIAG and FAULT flashing: Internal error on the base unit

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The base unit has found an internal fault and stopped.[1]

Likely causes

  • Internal hardware fault in the base unit

First checks, in this order

  1. Switch the supply off and on again.
  2. If it comes back, read the error stack and contact Pilz technical support; return a faulty unit to Pilz.

RUN off, DIAG and IFAULT flashing: Internal error on the base unit (inputs)

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The base unit has found an internal fault in its input section and stopped.[1]

Likely causes

  • Internal fault in the input circuitry of the base unit

First checks, in this order

  1. Switch the supply off and on again.
  2. If it comes back, read the error stack and contact Pilz technical support; return a faulty unit to Pilz.

RUN off, DIAG and OFAULT flashing: Internal error on the base unit (outputs)

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The base unit has found an internal fault in its output section and stopped.[1]

Likely causes

  • Internal fault in the output circuitry of the base unit

First checks, in this order

  1. Switch the supply off and on again.
  2. If it comes back, read the error stack and contact Pilz technical support; return a faulty unit to Pilz.

DIAG on: Base unit in a STOP condition

Warning: act before it becomes a stop

What it means: Status rather than a fault: the base unit is stopped, so the safety outputs are off.[1]

Likely causes

  • System stopped, for example for a project download or for commissioning work

First checks, in this order

  1. Check the display and the Configurator for the reason for the stop.
  2. Restart the system once the work is finished and test the safety functions.

DIAG flashing: The fieldbus module has not been recognised, or the base unit was identified by the PNOZmulti Configurator via the Ethernet interface, or an existing fieldbus connection was interrupted

Warning: act before it becomes a stop

What it means: A communication status: the fieldbus module is not recognised or its connection dropped, or the Configurator is sending its identify signal to this unit.[1]

Likely causes

  • Fieldbus module not recognised
  • Fieldbus connection interrupted
  • Identify function used in the PNOZmulti Configurator

First checks, in this order

  1. Check the fieldbus module seating, cable and network.
  2. Check whether someone is using the identify function in the Configurator.

FAULT on: Plug terminator not connected

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The FAULT LED is lit steadily on its own: the plug terminator on the side of the unit is missing, so the unit will not start.[3][4][6]

Also on: PNOZ s5 (same LED table)

Device response: Unit off; reset by switching the supply off and on

Likely causes

  • Plug terminator not inserted at the side of the unit
  • Terminator left out after a contact expansion module was removed

First checks, in this order

  1. Insert the plug terminator at the side of the unit.
  2. Switch the supply voltage off and then on again.

FAULT flashing: Internal error, unit defective

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The FAULT LED flashes on its own: the unit has found an internal fault.[3][4]

Also on: PNOZ s5 (same LED table)

Device response: Unit off; power cycle, replace the unit if it stays

Likely causes

  • Internal fault in the safety relay

First checks, in this order

  1. Switch the supply voltage off and then on again.
  2. If the LED still flashes, replace the unit.

All LEDs off: Short across contacts/earth fault; unit switched off

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: Every LED is dark, POWER included: a short across contacts or an earth fault has made the unit switch itself off.[3][4]

Also on: PNOZ s5 (same LED table)

Device response: Unit switched off; remove the cause and switch the supply off for 1 minute

Likely causes

  • Short across contacts in the input circuit (cross-short between channels)
  • Earth fault in the input, start or feedback circuit
  • Supply missing (check this first)

First checks, in this order

  1. Find and remove the short across contacts or earth fault in the input, start and feedback wiring.
  2. Switch the supply voltage off for 1 minute, then on again.

IN1, IN2 flashing alternately, FAULT on: Connection error (possibly: cable resistance in the input circuit is too high) or short detected between S12 and S22

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The input channels cannot be read cleanly: either the input circuit cable is too long or too thin, or the two channels are shorted together.[3][4]

Also on: PNOZ s5 (same LED table)

Device response: Unit off; power cycle after the fix

Likely causes

  • Cable resistance in the input circuit too high (cable too long or cross-section too small)
  • Short between S12 and S22
  • Loose terminal in the input circuit

First checks, in this order

  1. Check the input wiring and terminals.
  2. Check the input circuit cable length against the maximum overall cable resistance in the technical details.
  3. Find and remove any short between S12 and S22.
  4. Switch the supply voltage off and then on again.

IN1 flashing, FAULT on: Power-up blocked due to short-term interruption at S12; channels in the input circuit not opened simultaneously

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: Channel 1 (S12) opened briefly without channel 2, so the relay blocks the restart until both channels have been opened together.[3][4]

Also on: PNOZ s5 (same LED table)

Device response: Restart blocked; reset by opening both channels together and closing them again

Likely causes

  • E-STOP or gate switch operated only partly
  • Bouncing or loose contact in channel 1
  • Misaligned safety switch

First checks, in this order

  1. Open S11-S12 and S21-S22 at the same time (operate the E-STOP or open the gate fully), then close them again.
  2. Check channel 1 contacts, wiring and switch alignment.

IN2 flashing, FAULT on: Power-up blocked due to short-term interruption at S22; channels in the input circuit not opened simultaneously

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: Channel 2 (S22) opened briefly without channel 1, so the relay blocks the restart until both channels have been opened together.[3][4]

Also on: PNOZ s5 (same LED table)

Device response: Restart blocked; reset by opening both channels together and closing them again

Likely causes

  • E-STOP or gate switch operated only partly
  • Bouncing or loose contact in channel 2
  • Misaligned safety switch

First checks, in this order

  1. Open S11-S12 and S21-S22 at the same time, then close them again.
  2. Check channel 2 contacts, wiring and switch alignment.

IN1 and IN2 flashing together, FAULT on: Power-up blocked due to short-term interruption at S12 and S22; channels in the input circuit not opened simultaneously

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: Both channels had short interruptions that did not happen together, so the relay blocks the restart.[3][4]

Also on: PNOZ s5 (same LED table)

Device response: Restart blocked; reset by opening both channels together and closing them again

Likely causes

  • Safety device operated slowly or only partly
  • Bouncing contacts in the input circuit

First checks, in this order

  1. Open S11-S12 and S21-S22 at the same time, then close them again.
  2. Check both input channels and the safety switch.

START flashing, FAULT on: Position of rotary switch is not permitted or rotary switch was adjusted during operation

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The rotary switch on the front is between positions or was turned while the unit was running.[3][4]

Also on: PNOZ s5 (same LED table)

Device response: Unit off; power cycle after setting the switch

Likely causes

  • Rotary switch not locked into a position
  • Setting changed while the supply was on

First checks, in this order

  1. Switch the supply off, set the rotary switch until it clicks into a permitted position, then switch on again.
  2. Fit the adhesive seal over the rotary switch so it cannot be changed.

All LEDs on (POWER, IN1, IN2, OUT, START, FAULT): The operating mode selector switch "mode" is in its start position (vertical position)

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The unit has not been given an operating mode: the mode selector is still in its vertical start position.[3][4]

Also on: PNOZ s5 (same LED table)

Likely causes

  • New unit installed without setting the mode switch
  • Mode switch turned back to the start position

First checks, in this order

  1. Switch off the supply voltage.
  2. Set the required operating mode (automatic, monitored start, start-up test, with or without cross-short detection) on the mode switch; check that it clicks into place.
  3. Switch on and test the safety function.

POWER flashing: Supply voltage too low

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The supply is below what the unit needs. This is the one PNOZsigma error that does not light the FAULT LED.[3][4]

Also on: PNOZ s5 (same LED table)

Likely causes

  • Weak or overloaded power supply
  • Voltage drop on the supply cables
  • Supply outside the tolerance of -15 %/+10 %

First checks, in this order

  1. Measure the supply voltage at the unit.
  2. Raise the supply voltage if needed (24 V DC units: about 20.4 V to 26.4 V).

Welded contacts (unit will not restart): Contact malfunctions

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: If the safety contacts have welded, the unit cannot be reactivated after the input circuit has opened.[3][4]

Also on: PNOZ s5 (same text; on the s5 the delayed contacts may also open before the delay time ends after an error)

Likely causes

  • Contacts welded by overload or short circuit in the load circuit
  • Missing or oversized contact fuse

First checks, in this order

  1. Check the load circuit for a short or overload.
  2. Check the contact fuse protection against the technical details; Pilz recommends a fuse ahead of the output contacts to prevent welding.
  3. Treat the unit as faulty and replace it; test the safety function after replacement.

RUN off, OFAULT on: External error on the base unit outputs, e.g. short across the contacts, leading to a safe condition

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: An external fault on the base unit outputs has put the PNOZmulti in a safe condition.[2]

Also on: PNOZ m1p ETH (same manual)

Likely causes

  • Short across contacts between outputs
  • Output shorted to 24 V or 0 V

First checks, in this order

  1. Check the output wiring for shorts.
  2. Read the error stack with the PNOZmulti Configurator.
  3. Restart the base unit after the fix and test the safety function.

Input LED flashing, RUN off, IFAULT on: External error leading to a safe condition, e.g. short across the contacts or error at safety mat input

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: An external input fault has put the PNOZmulti in a safe condition; the flashing input LED shows which input.[2]

Also on: PNOZ m1p ETH (same manual)

Likely causes

  • Short across contacts between input channels
  • Fault at a safety mat input
  • Input cable shorted to 24 V or 0 V

First checks, in this order

  1. Check the wiring of the input whose LED flashes, including its test pulse line.
  2. Check the safety mat and its cable if one is connected.
  3. Restart the base unit after the fix and test the safety function.

RUN on, IFAULT flashing: External error on the base unit inputs, which does not lead to a safe condition, e.g. partially operated

Warning: act before it becomes a stop

What it means: An input problem such as a partly operated dual-channel device; the system keeps running.[2]

Also on: PNOZ m1p ETH (same manual)

Likely causes

  • Safety device operated on one channel only
  • Misaligned safety switch or a faulty channel

First checks, in this order

  1. Operate the safety device fully and close it again.
  2. Check both input channels and their wiring.
  3. Read the error stack with the PNOZmulti Configurator.

RUN on, OFAULT flashing: External error on the base unit outputs, which does not lead to a safe condition, e.g. feedback input defective

Warning: act before it becomes a stop

What it means: An output problem such as a defective feedback input; the system keeps running.[2]

Also on: PNOZ m1p ETH (same manual)

Likely causes

  • Feedback input defective
  • Feedback loop contact or wiring fault

First checks, in this order

  1. Check the feedback loop contacts of the contactors and their wiring.
  2. Read the error stack with the PNOZmulti Configurator.

RUN off, FAULT on: External error on the base unit, leading to a safe condition, e.g. terminator not connected

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: An external fault on the base unit itself has put the system in a safe condition.[2]

Also on: PNOZ m1p ETH (same manual)

Likely causes

  • Terminator not connected
  • Chip card or other external error on the base unit

First checks, in this order

  1. Switch off and check that the terminator is connected.
  2. Read the error stack with the PNOZmulti Configurator.
  3. Switch on again and test the safety function.

RUN off, DIAG flashing: The existing user program has been deleted

Warning: act before it becomes a stop

What it means: The project memory of the base unit has been cleared (general reset), so the outputs stay off until a project is loaded.[2]

Also on: PNOZ m1p ETH (same manual)

Likely causes

  • General reset done with the OA0-I19 jumper to load a new chip card project

First checks, in this order

  1. Switch off, remove the OA0-I19 jumper, insert the chip card with the current project and switch on.
  2. Or load the project with the PNOZmulti Configurator.
  3. Test the safety functions after the download.

RUN off, DIAG and FAULT flashing: Internal error on the base unit

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The base unit has found an internal fault and stopped.[2]

Also on: PNOZ m1p ETH (same manual)

Likely causes

  • Internal hardware fault in the base unit

First checks, in this order

  1. Switch the supply off and on again.
  2. If it comes back, read the error stack and contact Pilz technical support.

RUN off, DIAG and IFAULT flashing: Internal error on the base unit

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The base unit has found an internal fault (shown with IFAULT, the input section) and stopped.[2]

Also on: PNOZ m1p ETH (same manual)

Likely causes

  • Internal fault in the base unit

First checks, in this order

  1. Switch the supply off and on again.
  2. If it comes back, read the error stack and contact Pilz technical support.

RUN off, DIAG and OFAULT flashing: Internal error on the base unit

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The base unit has found an internal fault (shown with OFAULT, the output section) and stopped.[2]

Also on: PNOZ m1p ETH (same manual)

Likely causes

  • Internal fault in the base unit

First checks, in this order

  1. Switch the supply off and on again.
  2. If it comes back, read the error stack and contact Pilz technical support.

RUN off, expansion module FAULT on, IN/OUT flashing: External error, leading to a safe condition, e.g. short across the contacts

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: An external fault on an expansion module has put the system in a safe condition; the flashing IN/OUT LED on the module shows the input or output involved.[2]

Also on: PNOZ m1p ETH (same manual)

Likely causes

  • Short across contacts on the expansion module wiring
  • Input or output cable shorted to 24 V or 0 V

First checks, in this order

  1. Check the wiring of the module input or output whose LED flashes.
  2. Read the error stack with the PNOZmulti Configurator.
  3. Restart after the fix and test the safety function.

RUN off, expansion module FAULT on: External error on the output

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: An external fault on an expansion module output has put the system in a safe condition.[2]

Also on: PNOZ m1p ETH (same manual)

Likely causes

  • Short or wiring fault on an expansion module output
  • Load fault

First checks, in this order

  1. Check the output wiring and the load on that expansion module.
  2. Read the error stack with the PNOZmulti Configurator.

RUN off, DIAG flashing, expansion module FAULT flashing: Internal error on the expansion module

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: An expansion module has found an internal fault and the system stopped.[2]

Also on: PNOZ m1p ETH (same manual)

Likely causes

  • Internal fault in the expansion module
  • Module jumper or connection problem

First checks, in this order

  1. Switch the supply off, check the jumper and terminator, and switch on again.
  2. If it comes back, read the error stack and contact Pilz technical support.

RUN on, expansion module FAULT flashing: External error on the inputs, which does not lead to a safe condition, e.g. partially operated; feedback input defective

Warning: act before it becomes a stop

What it means: An input problem on an expansion module (for example a partly operated device or a defective feedback input); the system keeps running.[2]

Also on: PNOZ m1p ETH (same manual)

Likely causes

  • Safety device on the module operated on one channel only
  • Feedback input defective

First checks, in this order

  1. Operate the safety device fully and close it again.
  2. Check the module input and feedback wiring.
  3. Read the error stack with the PNOZmulti Configurator.

RUN off, DIAG on: Base unit in a STOP condition

Warning: act before it becomes a stop

What it means: Status rather than a fault: the base unit is stopped, so the safety outputs are off.[2]

Also on: PNOZ m1p ETH (same manual)

Likely causes

  • System stopped, for example for a project download

First checks, in this order

  1. Check in the PNOZmulti Configurator why the system is stopped.
  2. Start the system again once the work is finished and test the safety functions.

DIAG flashing: The fieldbus module has not been recognised, or the base unit has been identified via the PNOZmulti Configurator

Warning: act before it becomes a stop

What it means: A communication status: the fieldbus module is not recognised, or the Configurator is sending its identify signal to this unit.[2]

Also on: PNOZ m1p ETH (same manual)

Likely causes

  • Fieldbus module not recognised
  • Identify function used in the PNOZmulti Configurator

First checks, in this order

  1. Check the fieldbus module seating and its connection to the base unit.
  2. Check whether someone is using the identify function in the Configurator.

RUN on, IFAULT on, CI flashing: Error on cascading input; unit remains in a RUN condition

Warning: act before it becomes a stop

What it means: The cascading input that links this PNOZmulti to another PNOZmulti or PNOZelog unit has an error; the unit keeps running.[2]

Also on: PNOZ m1p ETH (same manual)

Likely causes

  • Wiring fault on the cascading input
  • Upstream unit in the cascade not supplying a valid signal

First checks, in this order

  1. Check the cascading wiring between the units.
  2. Check the state of the upstream unit.
  3. Read the error stack with the PNOZmulti Configurator.

RUN on, OFAULT on, CO flashing: Error on cascading output; unit remains in a RUN condition

Warning: act before it becomes a stop

What it means: The cascading output to the next PNOZmulti or PNOZelog unit has an error; the unit keeps running.[2]

Also on: PNOZ m1p ETH (same manual)

Likely causes

  • Short or wiring fault on the cascading output
  • Downstream wiring fault

First checks, in this order

  1. Check the cascading output wiring for shorts.
  2. Read the error stack with the PNOZmulti Configurator.

Earth fault: Earth fault: The supply voltage fails and the safety contacts open

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: An earth fault in the start or input circuit makes the supply voltage fail, and the safety contacts open.[5]

Device response: Safety contacts open; remove the cause and switch the supply off for about 1 minute

Likely causes

  • Damaged cable insulation in the input or start circuit
  • Input or start wire touching earth or the machine frame

First checks, in this order

  1. Find and repair the earth fault in the input and start wiring.
  2. Switch the supply voltage off for about 1 minute, then on again; the unit is then ready for operation.
  3. Test the safety function.

Short across contacts (fuse tripped): Shorts across contacts in the input circuit

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: In dual-channel operation with cross-short detection, a short between the input channels trips the unit's internal fuse and the output contacts open. With cable runs near the maximum length, the trip can take up to 2 minutes.[5]

Device response: Output contacts open; remove the short and switch the supply off for about 1 minute

Likely causes

  • Short between the two input channels (for example S22 and S32)
  • Pinched or damaged two-channel cable

First checks, in this order

  1. Find and remove the short between the input channels.
  2. Switch the supply voltage off for about 1 minute to reset the fuse.
  3. Test the safety function.

POWER LED off: LED "POWER" does not light: Short circuit or no supply voltage

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The POWER LED stays dark, so the relay has no working supply.[5]

Likely causes

  • Short circuit (for example in the input or start circuit)
  • No supply voltage at the unit

First checks, in this order

  1. Measure the supply voltage at the supply terminals.
  2. Check the wiring for a short circuit or earth fault.
  3. After a short or earth fault, switch the supply off for about 1 minute before switching on.

Welded contacts (unit will not restart): Contact malfunctions

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: If the safety contacts have welded, the relay cannot be reactivated after the input circuit has opened.[5]

Likely causes

  • Contacts welded by overload or short circuit in the load circuit
  • Missing or oversized contact fuse

First checks, in this order

  1. Check the load circuit for a short or overload.
  2. Check the contact fuse protection; Pilz recommends a fuse ahead of the output contacts to prevent welding (values in the technical details).
  3. Treat the unit as faulty and replace it; test the safety function after replacement.

OPERATING MODE SWITCH SELECTOR: Error on the operating mode selector switch function element

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The mode selector switch element in the project reports an invalid state.[1]

Likely causes

  • Selector switch between positions or faulty
  • Wiring fault on the selector inputs
  • Selector wiring does not match the project

First checks, in this order

  1. Turn the selector fully into one position.
  2. Check the selector switch and its input wiring against the Configurator circuit diagram.
  3. Restart with the rotary knob (3 to 8 s) after the fix.

OUTPUT WITH ADVANCED FAULT DETECTION: External error on the output with advanced fault detection

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: A fault was found on a semiconductor output used in advanced fault detection mode (where two loads may share one output). Pilz requires a connected feedback loop and excluded shorts across contacts and external power sources for this mode.[1]

Likely causes

  • Short across contacts or external voltage on the output cable
  • Feedback loop of that output faulty or not connected
  • Load or contactor fault

First checks, in this order

  1. Check the output and feedback loop wiring; Pilz suggests separate multicore cables to exclude shorts and external voltages.
  2. Check the connected contactors.
  3. Restart with the rotary knob (3 to 8 s) after the fix and test the safety function.

TEMPERATURE: Operating temperature is outside the permitted range

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The base unit is running too hot or too cold.[1]

Likely causes

  • Cabinet ambient outside 0 to 60 °C (55 °C without forced convection)
  • Mounting distances to other heat-producing devices too small
  • Cabinet cooling failed

First checks, in this order

  1. Read the unit temperature in the Operating Info menu.
  2. Check the cabinet temperature and the mounting distances; add air conditioning if needed.

PRESSURE SENSITIVE MAT: Error on the input of a pressure-sensitive mat

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The input used for a pressure-sensitive safety mat reports a fault.[1]

Likely causes

  • Damaged safety mat or mat cable
  • Wiring fault between the mat and its inputs or test pulse outputs

First checks, in this order

  1. Check the mat and its cable for damage.
  2. Check the mat wiring against the Configurator circuit diagram (Pilz describes safety mat wiring in the PNOZmulti Special Applications document).
  3. Restart after the fix and test the safety function.

ERROR: Error that cannot be assigned

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The base unit has an error it cannot put in any other category.[1]

Likely causes

  • Unclassified internal or external error

First checks, in this order

  1. Read the error stack entries (EC, EN and PA values) on the display or with the PNOZmulti Configurator.
  2. Switch the supply off and on.
  3. Give the error stack entries to Pilz technical support if it comes back.

NEW PROJECT: New project detected on the chip card

Warning: act before it becomes a stop

What it means: The chip card holds a project that differs from the one in the device memory.[1]

Likely causes

  • Chip card with a newer or different project inserted

First checks, in this order

  1. Check the project name, CRC and date shown on the display.
  2. To use it, accept the new project in the Project menu (ACCEPT NEW, login required in the User login menu).
  3. Test the safety devices after the new project is loaded.

PROJECT NOT RESET: The project was not deleted

Warning: act before it becomes a stop

What it means: A request to delete the project from the base unit memory did not complete.[1]

Likely causes

  • Delete project action not confirmed or interrupted
  • No user login for the Project RESET menu

First checks, in this order

  1. Log in through the User login menu and repeat Project RESET.
  2. Make sure the system is in a stop state.

NUMERIC FAULT: A violation of the numeric value range was identified on an analogue module

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: A calculated value on an analogue expansion module went outside its numeric range.[1]

Likely causes

  • Analogue value outside the range the project expects
  • Scaling or math settings in the project not matched to the sensor

First checks, in this order

  1. Measure the sensor signal at the analogue input.
  2. Check the analogue element settings in the PNOZmulti Configurator project.

ANALOG INPUTSIGNAL FAULTY: A violation of the workspace was identified on an analogue current input on an analogue module

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The current on an analogue input left the working range set for it.[1]

Likely causes

  • Sensor signal outside the configured working range
  • Broken sensor cable or sensor fault

First checks, in this order

  1. Measure the current at the analogue input.
  2. Check the sensor, its supply and its cable.
  3. Check the range settings in the Configurator project.

ANALOG MEASUREMENT ERROR: A measurement error was identified on an analogue current input on an analogue module

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The analogue module could not measure an input current correctly.[1]

Likely causes

  • Sensor or cable fault
  • Interference on the analogue cable
  • Faulty analogue module

First checks, in this order

  1. Check the sensor and its cable, including shielding.
  2. Measure the input current.
  3. Contact Pilz support if the module itself is suspected.

MEASURING RANGE VIOLATION: A violation of the measuring range was identified on an analogue current input on an analogue module

Hits OEE: Availability

What it means: The current on an analogue input is outside the measuring range of the module.[1]

Likely causes

  • Sensor current too high or too low
  • Short or break in the sensor cable

First checks, in this order

  1. Measure the current at the analogue input.
  2. Check the sensor and its wiring for a short or break.

Log it, or the same alarm comes back

A safety relay fault keeps the safe outputs off and the machine stopped, so in OEE terms it is a breakdown, even when the fault is a loose wire. Log the fault, the relay and the minutes lost, so a door switch that drops the relay every week shows up.

  • Reason code: the fault plus the guard, for example PNOZ feedback loop, case packer rear door, so a contactor that welds or a switch that bounces shows up as a pattern.
  • Loss bucket: a stop that needs a reset, a part or a technician is an availability loss (breakdown). Stops shorter than your micro-stop threshold go to performance (minor stops). The six big losses page shows where each one belongs.
  • What to count: how often each code fires per week and the minutes it costs. Two numbers a week turn "that alarm comes up sometimes" into a ranked list. The MTBF and MTTR calculator and the downtime cost calculator do the math.

The free OEE tracker logs each stop with its reason and turns the week into a downtime Pareto, so the code that costs the most rises to the top.

fabrico.io has a guide to machine guard interlocks. A code tells you what the device detected, not what happened at the machine in the seconds before. Fabrico's camera-based OEE software syncs camera video with machine data, so you can replay the moment the cell stopped next to the relay's fault.

Frequently asked questions

What does a flashing FAULT LED mean on a Pilz PNOZ?

It depends on the family. On a PNOZsigma relay such as the PNOZ s4 or s5, FAULT flashing on its own means an internal error: switch the supply off and on, and replace the unit if it keeps flashing. FAULT lit steadily on its own means the plug terminator on the side of the unit is missing. When FAULT is lit and another LED flashes, the flashing LED points to the cause, for example IN1 for channel 1. On a PNOZmulti base unit (PNOZ m B0 or m1p), FAULT flashing together with DIAG while RUN is off means an internal error on the base unit.

How do I reset a Pilz PNOZ m B0 after a fault?

Read the short text on the display first, for example FEED BACK LOOP or FAULTY TEST PULSE. Errors that put the unit in a safe state appear at once; others are stored and you call them up with the rotary knob. Fix the cause, then press the rotary knob for 3 to 8 seconds to restart. The error stack (up to 64 entries) can be read on the display or with the PNOZmulti Configurator over USB. A factory reset is something else: it deletes the project, the error stack and the user settings, and Pilz describes it for a unit being removed from a machine or reused elsewhere. Test the safety functions after any repair.

What is a feedback loop error on a Pilz PNOZ?

The feedback loop is the chain of N/C auxiliary contacts on the contactors a safety output switches, wired back into the safety controller. On a PNOZ m B0 the display shows FEED BACK LOOP when those contacts do not report what the output expects, most often because a contactor has welded or stuck, or the loop wire is broken or on the wrong input. Check each contactor drops out, check the loop wiring against the Configurator circuit diagram, replace a welded contactor and restart. Never bridge the feedback loop: it is what detects a welded contactor.

What does OFAULT mean on a PNOZmulti?

OFAULT is the output fault LED (IFAULT is the same for inputs). OFAULT lit with RUN off means an external error on the base unit outputs, such as a short across contacts, and the system is in a safe condition. OFAULT flashing with RUN on means an output problem that does not stop the system, for example a defective feedback input. OFAULT flashing together with DIAG while RUN is off means an internal error in the output section of the base unit.

How do I reset a Pilz PNOZ s5 or s4 after a fault?

Follow the LED pattern. IN1 or IN2 flashing with FAULT lit means the two input channels did not open together: open S11-S12 and S21-S22 at the same time (press the E-STOP fully) and close them again. FAULT lit alone means the plug terminator is missing: fit it and switch the supply off and on. START flashing with FAULT means the rotary switch is not in a valid position: set it with the power off. All LEDs off means a short across contacts or an earth fault: remove it and switch the supply off for 1 minute. In normal use the restart depends on the mode switch: automatic start, or monitored start where the start button must be closed (rising edge) or closed and released (falling edge).

Sources

Codes and meanings follow the manufacturer documentation below. Wording is ours, simplified for the shop floor; the manual for your exact model and software version wins if it differs.

  1. PNOZ m B0 Operating Manual, Pilz document 1002660-EN-13 (valid from version 3.3, PDF dated 2025-05-14), configurable safe small controllers PNOZmulti 2, hosted by Pilz (pilz.com)
  2. PNOZ m1p (ETH) Operating Manual, Pilz document 20878-EN-18 (PDF dated 2023-08-24), configurable control system PNOZmulti Classic, hosted by Pilz (pilz.com)
  3. PNOZ s4 Operating Manual, Pilz document 21396-EN-24 (PDF dated 2026-10-22), safety relay PNOZsigma, hosted by Pilz (pilz.com)
  4. PNOZ s5 Operating Manual, Pilz document 21397-EN-18 (PDF dated 2026-06-17), safety relay PNOZsigma with delayed contacts, hosted by Pilz (pilz.com)
  5. PNOZ X3 Operating Manual, Pilz document 20547-EN-18 (PDF dated 2026-10-14), safety relays PNOZ X, hosted by Pilz (pilz.com)
  6. Pilz support FAQ 180975: The Fault LED lights up when a safety relay PNOZsigma unit is switched on, hosted by Pilz (pilz.com), read 2026-10-24

See the moment the cell stopped

Fabrico, a light MES with computer vision, syncs camera footage with machine and timeline data, so you can replay the exact moment the cell stopped and review the cause next to the relay's fault. Cameras also catch short stops and a line that is switched on but not producing, the losses nobody writes down. Machines connect through a PLC, a Fabrico IoT device or an AI camera.

Book a Fabrico demo
The lookup stays free.

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Related tools: full troubleshooting directory · OEE calculator · downtime cost · MTBF / MTTR · glossary

OEE essentials: OEE calculator · What is OEE · How to improve OEE · Six big losses · Availability · TEEP · Cost of downtime · OEE benchmark · Free OEE tracker · Free OEE software · How to track downtime · How to implement OEE · Light MES vs full MES